Hydro-Geochemical Applications and Multivariate Analysis to Assess the Water–Rock Interaction in Arid Environments

Thirty groundwater samples were taken from Assiut’s northern outskirts. The physicochemical properties of these investigated. For the evaluation water–rock interaction, saturation index (SI), chloro-alkaline indices (CAI1 and CAI2), Gibbs ratios for cations anions (GC GA), principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster (HCA) used. (1) With exception five that supersaturated, rest under-saturated with carbonate mineral dissolution (calcite, dolomite, aragonite) evaporite (anhydrite, gypsum, halite, sylvite). (2) presence ion exchange between alkali elements (Na+ + K+) earth alkaline (Ca2+ Mg2+) is explained by positive values indices. (3) In four samples, negative suggest reverse an increasing element content. (4) diagram demonstrates that, reflect saline groundwater, majority are freshwater recharging fresh surface water in research area. (5) Groundwater types include Ca-HCO3 (11%), Mg-HCO3 (48%), Na-HCO3 (23%), Mg-Cl (13%), Na-Cl (3%). (6) alkali, elements, sulphate key controls on salinity, according to PCA HCA. (7) somewhat area’s western desert margins should not be used since it poses a health danger people.